Do changes in the frequency, magnitude and timing of extreme climatic events threaten the population viability of coastal birds?

Martijn van de Pol*, Bruno J. Ens, Dik Heg, Lyanne Brouwer, Johan Krol, Martin Maier, Klaus-Michael Exo, Kees Oosterbeek, Tamar Lok, Corine M. Eising and Kees Koffijberg Evolution, Ecology & Genetics, Research School of Biology, the Australian National University, Canberra O200 ACT, Australia; Centre for Conservation Biology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, DU1-184, Norway; SOVON Dutch Centre for Field Ornithology, PO Box 6521, Nijmegen, The Netherlands; Department of Behavioural Ecology, University of Bern, Hinterkapelen, CH-3032, Switzerland; Natuurcentrum Ameland, Nes, The Netherlands; Landscape Ecology Group, University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, 261111, Germany; Institute of Avian Research,‘‘Vogelwarte Helgoland’’, Wilhelmshaven, 26386, Germany; Animal Ecology Group, University of Groningen, Haren, 9750AA, The Netherlands; and Behavioural Biology Group, University of Groningen, Haren, 9750AA, The Netherlands